Martin Glaum, Donna L. Street and Silvia Vogel, Making Acquisitions Transparent: An Evaluation of M&A-Related IFRS Disclosures by European Companies in 2005, look at the M&Arelated disclosures of 357 mandatory IFRS adopters (5% non-EU) for 2005. The sample is from 17 European countries (one non-EU: Switzerland). The authors point to a number of instances of apparent non-compliance with IFRS, which reduces comparability. They also find that ‘the information presented is often not as transparent as possible to investors, analysts and other users. This is because companies vary in their interpretation of IFRS and thus account for, or disclose, the effects of the transactions and other events in different ways … [T]he resulting heterogeneity of disclosures seriously hinders comparability.’