The seventeenth century is outstandingly conspicuous in the history of mathematics. Early in the century Napier revealed his invention of logarithms, Harriot and Oughtred contributed to the notation and codification of algebra, Galileo founded the science of dynamics, and Kepler announced his laws of planetary motion. Later in the century Desargues ang pascal opened a new field of pure geometry, Descartes launched modern analytic geometry, Fermat laid the foundations of modern number theory, and Huygens made distinguished contributions to the theory of probability and other fields. Then, towaed the end of the century , after a host of seventeenth-century mathematicians had prepared the way , the epoch-making creation of the calculus was made by Newton and Leibniz. We thus see that during the seventeenth century many new and vast fields were opened up for mathematical investigation.