the articulation of the politics-administration dichotomy also reflected the next phase in the emergence of american public administration.whereas the first phase before world war i focused primarily on the evils of patronage and spoils system and eliminating corruption in municipal government, the second phase would emphasize the growth of public spending and ascendance of the "new management" in government. city managers, executive budget system, and centralized and accountability-driven administrative systems were all key reform themes.