There are 2 types of philosophies of research.
1 Positivism is a philosophy of science based on the view that in the social as well as natural sciences, data derived from sensory experience, and logical and mathematical treatments of such data, are together the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge. Positivism assumes that there is valid knowledge (truth) only in scientific knowledge. Obtaining and verifying data that can be received from the senses is known as empirical evidence.
Etic view relating to, or involving analysis of cultural phenomena from the perspective of one who does not participate in the culture being studied
2 Phenomenologically is based research , including interviews, conversation, participant observation,
action research, focus meetings and analysis of personal texts. The establishment of a good level of
rapport and empathy is critical to gaining depth information, particular where investigating issues
where the participant has a strong stake.