Petroleum-based fuels meet the majority of the world energy
needs, but are finite and not sustainable. Due to the depletion of
petroleum reserves and increase in environmental concerns, new
alternative sources for petroleum-based fuel have been widely
studied [1]. Biodiesel, consisting of a fatty acid methyl ester produced
by transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol, is a
promising alternative to fossil diesel fuel, because its renewable
nature is effective in easing down emissions of greenhouse gas,
unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter and sulphur dioxide
[1]. It provides a feasible solution for the twin crisis of fossil fuel
depletion and environmental degradation. Biodiesel only refers to
100 percent pure fuel that meets the specific standards given by
the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) International
(D6751) [2]. It is superior to fossil diesel fuel in terms of
cetane number, flash point and lubricity characteristics, without
any significant difference in heat of combustion of these fuels
[1]. Sharmer (1993) estimated that for each kg of pure biodiesel
blended together with a fossil fuel, 3.2 kg of CO2 production could
be reduced in comparison with fossil fuel alone [3]. Biodiesel can
also be blended with conventional fossil diesel fuel and used.
Blends with 2–30% fossil diesel fuel do not require any modification
in the car engine [4].
Petroleum-based fuels meet the majority of the world energyneeds, but are finite and not sustainable. Due to the depletion ofpetroleum reserves and increase in environmental concerns, newalternative sources for petroleum-based fuel have been widelystudied [1]. Biodiesel, consisting of a fatty acid methyl ester producedby transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol, is apromising alternative to fossil diesel fuel, because its renewablenature is effective in easing down emissions of greenhouse gas,unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter and sulphur dioxide[1]. It provides a feasible solution for the twin crisis of fossil fueldepletion and environmental degradation. Biodiesel only refers to100 percent pure fuel that meets the specific standards given bythe American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) International(D6751) [2]. It is superior to fossil diesel fuel in terms ofcetane number, flash point and lubricity characteristics, withoutany significant difference in heat of combustion of these fuels[1]. Sharmer (1993) estimated that for each kg of pure biodieselblended together with a fossil fuel, 3.2 kg of CO2 production couldbe reduced in comparison with fossil fuel alone [3]. Biodiesel canalso be blended with conventional fossil diesel fuel and used.Blends with 2–30% fossil diesel fuel do not require any modificationin the car engine [4].
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