Although fouling resistance (Rf) is not the major resistance of dead-end MF, as shown in Table 1, it has a significant effect on permeate flux and backwashing in a long-term filtration process. To understand the magnitude of irreversible fouling accumulated by component oxides during dead-end MF, the mean permeate flux of MF after prechlorination with low and high mixing intensity in four filtration cycles was determined, and as illustrated in Fig. 7, the mean permeate flux was improved by increased mixing intensity. In the first cycle, the mean permeate flux of the suspension of Fe–Mn oxides was less than that of Fe oxides. However, with further filtration cycles, the decline in mean permeate flux became severe. No difference was observed at the fourth cycle, which could be attributed to irreversible fouling that occurred during filtration and backwashing cycles.