Do we have reason to think that there are such cases?
One basis for scepticism emerges from james C.Scott's work, most notably in Domination and the Arts of Resistance (1990), which the ways in which apparent displays of deference by the powerless-dis- make it to the powerful, that the powerless have internalized the outlook advanced by the powerful are designed as deceptions to create that very impression Elucidating the hidden transcripts of the dominated, exploited. and powerless, Scott s argument suggests that the public performances encouraging the view that the powerless are characterized by ideological false consciousness admit of a rather different explanation and, in effect, charges that political scientists and political theorists have been too readily deceived in the same way as (and perhaps more so than) the powerful at whom these per are directed However, while Scott's argument suggests that many cases can be accounted for in this it does not fully underwrite the claim that the three-dimensional way, r has no real world' applications. Consider for example, that while Scott's account for much of the (seemingly) compliant behaviour of slaves, it cannot er slaves, interviewed years after they had been freed, would exhibit an account for why itude of self blame with respect to their conduct as slaves. Yet, Patterson has noted that o characteristic "De Massa and Missus was good to me but sometimes was so bad they had to whip me", said Victoria Adams."It was always for something, sir. I needed dewhippin," recalled Millie Barber.' or the form of power identified by Lukes is certainly real.