For secondary outcome measures, incident reports were collected from the hospitals’ registration systems during a one-year period prior to (1 April 2010 to 31 March 2011) and after implementation of SBAR (1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013). Furthermore, Spritzer’s empowerment scale 99 was used to measure psychological empowerment; it consists of four factors: Meaning (3 items); Competence (3 items); Self-determination (3 items); Impact (3 items). Responses to the items were made on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” Factor sores and the total score are averaged. The Swedish version of the scale has shown satisfactory psychometric properties and Cronbach’s alpha values (α) for the factors have been between 0.77 and 0.90.99 In Paper II, Cronbach’s alpha values (α) were between 0.85 and 0.88 at baseline and between 0.80 and 0.87 at follow-up