The share of unskilled works (peones) among immigrants was double that among Spanish nationnals (30% verus 15%, respectively). Before the crisis, immigration in Spain was characterized by high employment rates and high geographic mobility, especially in the agriculture and construction sectors (Pumares et al, 2007). Spain, like other Mediterranean countries, is also characterized by a large share of undeclared economy , which itself attracts immigration, and in particular undocumented immigration.