Part 1) Demographic Information Questionnaire. This included categorized questions about the
selected demographic variables: gender, faculty or service office, position, and work experience. This part
served as reference information in this study.
Part 2) Situational Factors and Leadership Questionnaire (total 52 items). This part is the core of
this study which served to collect information from the participants about situational factors and leadership
style. It included two sections: 1) A Situational Factors Questionnaire for surveying three kinds of
situational factors: LMX (LMX 7 Form), task structure and position power (Task Structure and Position
Power Form); and 2) A Leadership Styles Questionnaire for surveying participants’ transformational and
transactional leadership style ( Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire -MLQ). All items are rated on a 5-
point Likert-type scale ranging from 1-5, in which different questions were set in different scale ranges.