The first component, communication apprehension, is ‘a type of shyness characterized by fear of oral face-to-face communicating with people’. Manifestations of communication apprehension are difficulty in speaking in dyads or groups (oral communication anxiety) or in public (stage fright), or in listening to a spoken message (receiver anxiety). Horwitz, and Cope (1986) propose that language students have mature thoughts and ideas but an immature second language vocabulary to express them. Those who typically have trouble speaking in groups are likely to experience even greater difficulty speaking in a foreign language class where they have little control of the communicative situation and the performance is constantly monitored. The inability either to express oneself or to comprehend another person leads to frustration and apprehension.