There are two different types of fetal monitors that are used in hospitals. An external fetal monitor is attached by large elastic bands that wrap around the woman’s abdomen. The bands secure ultrasound devices that detect fetal heart tones along with the frequency, duration, and relative intensity of uterine contractions. The devices are connected to a bedside monitor that converts the ultrasound waves into electronic signals. An internal fetal monitor involves the insertion of an electrode needle into the scalp of the fetus. In order to accomplish this, the woman’s membranes (bag of waters) must be ruptured and her cervix must be dilated. Whereas the external monitor uses ultrasound technology to detect fetal heart sounds, the internal monitor measures electrical voltages to produce precise electrocardiographic data. The internal monitor also uses a gauge to measure the instantaneous pressure inside the uterus and provide quantified information about contraction strength. The internal monitor produces simultaneous recordings of the fetal electrocardiogram signal, the maternal electrocardiogram signal, and the uterine pressure. The fetal heart rate and uterine contraction measurements record simultaneously, and the fetal heart rate is displayed above the contemporary uterine contraction tracing.
In comparison with the external monitor, the internal monitor eliminates the possibility of confusing the mother’s heart rate with that of the fetus, and it produces a more reliable signal, especially when the mother or fetus are moving around. Though the external monitor was developed several years earlier, the internal monitor quickly gained popularity because it eliminated the difficulties associated with externally monitoring women who were obese or who shifted around during labor. Today, the external monitor is used preferentially unless an internal monitor is absolutely necessary to maintain a consistent reading.
There are two different types of fetal monitors that are used in hospitals. An external fetal monitor is attached by large elastic bands that wrap around the woman’s abdomen. The bands secure ultrasound devices that detect fetal heart tones along with the frequency, duration, and relative intensity of uterine contractions. The devices are connected to a bedside monitor that converts the ultrasound waves into electronic signals. An internal fetal monitor involves the insertion of an electrode needle into the scalp of the fetus. In order to accomplish this, the woman’s membranes (bag of waters) must be ruptured and her cervix must be dilated. Whereas the external monitor uses ultrasound technology to detect fetal heart sounds, the internal monitor measures electrical voltages to produce precise electrocardiographic data. The internal monitor also uses a gauge to measure the instantaneous pressure inside the uterus and provide quantified information about contraction strength. The internal monitor produces simultaneous recordings of the fetal electrocardiogram signal, the maternal electrocardiogram signal, and the uterine pressure. The fetal heart rate and uterine contraction measurements record simultaneously, and the fetal heart rate is displayed above the contemporary uterine contraction tracing. In comparison with the external monitor, the internal monitor eliminates the possibility of confusing the mother’s heart rate with that of the fetus, and it produces a more reliable signal, especially when the mother or fetus are moving around. Though the external monitor was developed several years earlier, the internal monitor quickly gained popularity because it eliminated the difficulties associated with externally monitoring women who were obese or who shifted around during labor. Today, the external monitor is used preferentially unless an internal monitor is absolutely necessary to maintain a consistent reading.
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