Task redesign can be used to manipulate the structure and complexity of followers’ tasks, and selection procedures can help determine if specific personality types are well matched with certain jobs.
When leaders face emergency decisions or those with short time deadlines, participation is not effective. In some cases, the leader may be able to extend deadlines or learn of needed decisions sooner and thus provide more time for participative leadership.
Large groups may be split into subgroups. These subgroups can operate with some autonomy but will allow the leader to involve members in useful discussions of decision issues.
Charismatic leadership behaviors may be effective in overcoming apathetic and passive behavior.