4. Self Efficacy for Learning ( 0:93) measures the degree to which respon-
dents' are self-confident in their ability to learn the material in the present
course. An example item would be ``I am con®dent that I can learn the basic
concepts taught in this course.''
5. Control Beliefs for Learning ( 0:83) measures the degree to which the
respondents' expect to be able to control their learning versus control from an external source. An example item would be ``If I study in appropriate ways,
then I will be able to learn the material in this course.''
6. Intrinsic Goal Orientation ( 0:56) assess the degree to which respondents'
are learning to use computers for intrinsic reasons, such as challenge and
enjoyment. An example item would be ``In a class like this, I prefer course
material arouses my curiosity even if it is dicult to learn.''
7. Extrinsic Goal Orientation ( 0:71) assess the degree to which respondents'
are learning to use computers for extrinsic reasons, such as good grades and
employment. An example item would be ``Getting a good grade in this class is
the most satisfying thing for me right now.''
8. Task Value Beliefs ( 0:83) measures the degree to which respondents' ®nd
learning to use computers has speci®c value. An example item would be ``I
think the course material in this class is useful for me to learn.''