Table 1 describes the lean principle applied to each participant response. It lists the lean terminology to describe waste, the participants’ current knowledge of the inefficiencies in the workplace, and the participants’ responses to discussion questions. Each column corresponds to the list used for data analysis. List 1 describes the lean application, list 2 describes each nurse’s current knowledge base, and list 3 is the participant response. For example, the first row applies wait time/ delay, knowledge disconnection, and standardization as waste. Those wastes identify with the electronic medical records (EMR) systems, and the participant responses in the next column reflect where the lean application was drawn