A binomial test was calculated to determine whether the proportion patients receiving as- needed medications during the night shifts differed from the day shifts. For each of the as-needed medications, the number of doses (and percentages) the patients received in the day shifts and in the night shifts were examined The binomial teat was calculated for each of the as- needed medications separately .Data were analyzed using a Wolfram Alpha calculator to calculate the binomial tests
( http://www.wolframalpha.com).Values of p < .05 were considered statistically significant.