In addition, previous studies have required that participants consume a fixed amount of food (i.e., a preload), which may differ from the amount they would consume ad libitum; the consequences of this have received little attention. The objective of the present experiment was to investigate whether the effects of consuming a low-energy-dense salad depended on the timing of serving it within a meal (either before or with the main course), or on intake being fixed rather than ad libitum. In a previous study of the influence of salad on satiety, we found that adding a preload of a large portion of a low-energy-dense