Riverine buffalo is the major source of milk and meat
production in many countries in South and Southeast Asia.
They are better adapted than cattle with respect to utilization
of poor quality roughages and resistance to some of
the tropical diseases. The estrous cycle in buffaloes can vary
from 16 to 28 days [1] and the duration of estrus is typically
8 to 20 hours [2]. They show waves of ovarian follicular
development during estrous cycles similar to cattle, and the
number of follicular waves during an estrous cycle can vary
from 1 to 3, with 2 waves being the most common [1].
Ultrasonic imaging of buffalo’s ovaries indicates mature
follicles range in size from 13 to 16mm in diameter [1,3–5].
The reproductive efficiency of buffalo is hampered by
poor estrus expression, prolonged calving intervals, and