Studies have consistently indicated reduced meat tenderness for Bos indicus compared with Bos taurus breeds. Some differences in breed rankings for marbling vs tenderness were noted. If the U.S. beef industry shifts toward a more value-based marketing system, some genetic concerns will include 1) an apparent antagonistic relationship between marbling and cutability across breeds and within some breeds, 2) inconsistency of beef tenderness, particularly in Bos indicus cattle, 3) the effect of increased leanness on female reproductive performance, and 4) the extent to which terminal breeding systems can be used.