State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) The State Self-Esteem Scale is a 20-item Likert-type scale designed for measuring temporary changes in individual self-esteem. SSES developed and modified by Heatherton and Polivy (1991) from the Janis-Field Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (Janis & Field, 1959).There are three self-esteem factors in the scale: Performance, Social and Appearance. Alpha coefficient for Performance, Social and Appearance self-esteem were .78, .72 and .53, respectively.
2.1.2. Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults- short form (SELSA-S) The SELSA-S developed by DiTomasso, Brannen and Best (2004) and adapted to Persian by Jowkar and Salimi (2009). The SELSA-S is a 15-item multidimensional measure of loneliness and comprises three subscales: "Romantic","Family" and "social" loneliness. "Emotional loneliness" comes out of adding of romantic and family loneliness scores. The reliability of the measure examined by internal consistency Chronbach alpha method. Alpha coefficient for romantic, family and social loneliness were .80, .66 and .80, respectively. Validity of the measure investigated by factor analysis method