Disagreements have ranged across two primary conceptions of democracy. In one, democracy is a type of government based on elections and civil liberties. In the second democracy is a type of society with economic and social equality and no class or group oppressing another or living at the expense of others. Such differences are not peculiar to Vietnam; they have featured in many other places. Political science' labels for the first include procedural democracy, liberal democracy and polyarchy ; lebles for the second include substantive democracy, broad democracy,and non-liberal democracy. contemporary Vietnam's political leadership often refer to the first as bourgeois democracy, which they criticize, and to the second as socialist democracy, which they claim to be advancing Vietnamese critics of this leadership often insist that procedural democracy must come first in order to make headway toward the second.