The overall lack of transformative outcomes may be due to the fact that participation is often not integrated in the EA process to its full potential or that the ideal conditions of learning are not met (Sinclair et al., 2008). However, participatory community-based EA practice may enhance learning outcomes as found in a recent community-based SEA case study (Sims, 2012). In this case, transformative learning emerged as participants engaged in deliberative activities and critically reflected on the underlying assumptions that dictated the methods and strategies used in farming practices. As they gained greater awareness of their impact on the local watershed, their mindsets became more sustainability oriented and individual and collective actions were taken to integrate more sustainable farm practices. More research is needed to better understand the potential of learning through meaningful participation in SEA to achieve sustainability goals.