A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.
Question: So why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve?
Answer: While many theories have been proposed, no single consensus has emerged. Considering the enormous amount of time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself.
Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Ernest Hoffman, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton Wellesley Hospital in Boston, Mass., suggests that "...a possible (though certainly not proven) function of a dream to be weaving new material into the memory system in a way that both reduces emotional arousal and is adaptive in helping us cope with further trauma or stressful events."
Next, let’s learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.
Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams
Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams suggested that dreams were a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, Freud suggested that they find their way into our awareness via dreams.
In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes." He also described two different components of dreams: manifest content and latent content. Manifest content is made up of the actual images, thoughts and content contained within the dream, while the latent content represents the hidden psychological meaning of the dream.
Freud’s theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation, which remains popular today. However, research has failed to demonstrate that the manifest content disguises the real psychological significance of a dream.
Activation- Synthesis Model of Dreaming
The activation-synthesis model of dreaming was first proposed by J. Allan Hobson and Robert McClarley in 1977. According to this theory, circuits in the brain become activated during REM sleep, which causes areas of the limbic system involved in emotions, sensations and memories, including the amygdala and hippocampus, to become active. The brain synthesizes and interprets this internal activity and attempts to find meaning in these signals, which results in dreaming. This model suggests that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep.
While this theory suggests that dreams are the result of internally generated signals, Hobson does not believe that dreams are meaningless. Instead, he suggests that dreaming is "…our most creative conscious state, one in which the chaotic, spontaneous recombination of cognitive elements produces novel configurations of information: new ideas. While many or even most of these ideas may be nonsensical, if even a few of its fanciful products are truly useful, our dream time will not have been wasted."
Information-Processing Theories
One of the major theories to explain why we sleep is that sleep allows us to consolidate and process all of the information that we have collected during the previous day. Some dream experts suggest that dreaming is simply a by-product or even an active part of this information-processing. As we deal with the multitude of information and memories from the daytime, our sleeping minds create images, impressions, and narratives to manage all of the activity going on inside our heads as we slumber.
Other Theories of Dreams
Many other theories have been suggested to account for the occurrence and meaning of dreams. The following are just of few of the proposed ideas:
One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream
Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to 'clean up' clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day.
Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment .
A contemporary model of dreaming combines some elements of various theories. The activation of the brain creates loose connections between thoughts and ideas, which are then guided by the emotions of the dreamer .
A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.Question: So why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve?Answer: While many theories have been proposed, no single consensus has emerged. Considering the enormous amount of time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself.Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Ernest Hoffman, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton Wellesley Hospital in Boston, Mass., suggests that "...a possible (though certainly not proven) function of a dream to be weaving new material into the memory system in a way that both reduces emotional arousal and is adaptive in helping us cope with further trauma or stressful events."Next, let’s learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.Psychoanalytic Theory of DreamsConsistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams suggested that dreams were a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, Freud suggested that they find their way into our awareness via dreams.In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes." He also described two different components of dreams: manifest content and latent content. Manifest content is made up of the actual images, thoughts and content contained within the dream, while the latent content represents the hidden psychological meaning of the dream.Freud’s theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation, which remains popular today. However, research has failed to demonstrate that the manifest content disguises the real psychological significance of a dream.Activation- Synthesis Model of DreamingThe activation-synthesis model of dreaming was first proposed by J. Allan Hobson and Robert McClarley in 1977. According to this theory, circuits in the brain become activated during REM sleep, which causes areas of the limbic system involved in emotions, sensations and memories, including the amygdala and hippocampus, to become active. The brain synthesizes and interprets this internal activity and attempts to find meaning in these signals, which results in dreaming. This model suggests that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep.While this theory suggests that dreams are the result of internally generated signals, Hobson does not believe that dreams are meaningless. Instead, he suggests that dreaming is "…our most creative conscious state, one in which the chaotic, spontaneous recombination of cognitive elements produces novel configurations of information: new ideas. While many or even most of these ideas may be nonsensical, if even a few of its fanciful products are truly useful, our dream time will not have been wasted."Information-Processing TheoriesOne of the major theories to explain why we sleep is that sleep allows us to consolidate and process all of the information that we have collected during the previous day. Some dream experts suggest that dreaming is simply a by-product or even an active part of this information-processing. As we deal with the multitude of information and memories from the daytime, our sleeping minds create images, impressions, and narratives to manage all of the activity going on inside our heads as we slumber.Other Theories of DreamsMany other theories have been suggested to account for the occurrence and meaning of dreams. The following are just of few of the proposed ideas:One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dreamAnother theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to 'clean up' clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day.Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment .A contemporary model of dreaming combines some elements of various theories. The activation of the brain creates loose connections between thoughts and ideas, which are then guided by the emotions of the dreamer .
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ความฝันที่สามารถรวมใด ๆของภาพ , ความคิดและอารมณ์ที่พบในระหว่างการนอนหลับ ฝันได้โคตรสดใส หรือคลุมเครือมาก ; ที่เต็มไป ด้วยอารมณ์สนุกสนาน หรือภาพน่ากลัว ; เน้น และเข้าใจ หรือชัดเจน และสับสน คำถาม
: ทำไมเราฝัน ? ฝันรับใช้จุดประสงค์อะไร ? ตอบ
: ในขณะที่หลายทฤษฎีที่ได้รับการเสนอเดียวไม่มีฉันทามติก็โผล่แล้วเมื่อพิจารณาจากจํานวนมหาศาลของเวลาที่เราใช้เวลาในการฝันสภาพความจริงที่ว่านักวิจัยยังไม่เข้าใจจุดประสงค์ของความฝันอาจจะดูยุ่งเหยิง อย่างไรก็ตาม , มันเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่จะต้องพิจารณาว่า วิทยาศาสตร์ยังเล่นงานแน่นอนวัตถุประสงค์และหน้าที่ของนอนเอง
นักวิจัยบางคนแนะนำว่า ฝันให้บริการไม่มีวัตถุประสงค์ที่แท้จริงในขณะที่คนอื่นเชื่อว่าความฝันเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นเพื่อสุขภาพจิตทางอารมณ์และร่างกายเป็นอยู่ที่ดี เนสต์ ฮอฟแมน , ผู้อำนวยการของความผิดปกติของการนอนหลับที่ศูนย์นิวตัน เวลเลสลีย์โรงพยาบาลในบอสตัน , มวล . , แสดงให้เห็นว่า " . . . . . . . ที่สุด ( ถึงแม้ว่าจะไม่ได้พิสูจน์ ) ฟังก์ชันของดรีมจะทอวัสดุใหม่เข้าไปในระบบความจำในลักษณะที่ทั้งลดการเร้าอารมณ์ และการปรับตัวในการช่วยให้เรารับมือกับอุบัติเหตุหรือเหตุการณ์ต่อไป เครียด "
ต่อไปเรียนรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับบางส่วนของที่โดดเด่นที่สุด
ฝันทฤษฎี ทฤษฎีจิตวิเคราะห์แห่งความฝัน
ที่สอดคล้องกับมุมมองของทฤษฎีจิตวิเคราะห์ ของ ซิกมัน ฟรอยด์ ในฝันเห็นว่าความฝันเป็นตัวแทนของปรารถนาได้สติ ความคิดและแรงจูงใจ . ตามมุมมองของบุคลิกภาพจิตวิเคราะห์ของฟรอยด์ ,คนที่จะขับเคลื่อนด้วยสัญชาตญาณก้าวร้าวทางเพศที่ถูกกดดันจากจิตสำนึกความตระหนัก ในขณะที่ความคิดเหล่านี้จะไม่ consciously แสดง , ฟรอยด์เสนอว่าพวกเขาพบวิธีการของพวกเขาในการรับรู้ของเราผ่านทางความฝัน
ในหนังสือการตีความความฝันของเขาที่มีชื่อเสียง ฟรอยด์เขียนว่า . " . . . . . . . ปลอมตัว fulfillments ของหักห้ามใจปรารถนา
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