Schönmuth (1963) suggested the crossbreeding program
to create the composite breed (i.e., a milk-emphasized,
dual-purpose cattle with high milk fat and protein
content) and udder structure acceptable for machine
milking based on a 3-breed cross (Figure 1). A longterm
breeding goal was formulated as follows: annual
milk production of a cow was targeted to reach 5,000 to
6,000 kg with 4% fat, reaching at least 200 kg of fat and
165 kg of protein, and sufficient muscling for 600 kg of
body weight, and 128 to 132 cm in height at withers. In
1975, pure breeding of SMR began (Zelfel, 1974). Sires
for reproduction originated from 12 bloodlines initially