The input of powerful ultrasonic forces into liquids creates extreme conditions. When ultrasound propagates a liquid medium, the ultrasonic waves result in alternating compression and rarefaction cycles (high pressure and low pressure cycles). During the low pressure cycles, small vaccum bubbles arise in the liquid. These cavitation bubbles grow over several low pressure cycles until they achieve a size when they cannot absorb more energy. At this state of maximum absorbed energy and bubble size, the cavitation bubble collapse violently and creates locally extreme conditions. Due to the implosion of the cavitation bubbles, very high temperatures of approx. 5000K and pressures of approx. 2000atm are reached locally. The implosion results in liquid jets of up to 280m/s (≈1000km/h) velocity. Sono-fragmentation describes the use of these intense forces to fragment particles to smaller dimensions in the sub-micron and nano range. With a progressing sonication, particle shape turns from angular to spherical, which makes the particles more valuable. The results of sonofragmentation are expressed as fragmentation rate which is decribed as a function of power input, sonicated volume and the size of the agglomerates.