Processes Process refers to learners' autonomous learning processes. Specifically, learner autonomy is primarily manifested in the process of planning, monitoring, and evaluating one‟s learning (Moore, 1972). Learner autonomy in learning processes is viewed as a continuum (Candy, 1991). Depending on the level of learner autonomy, a learning experience can range from an instructor lecturing 100% of the class time (no learner control) to a student taking charge of the learning process in an independent study experience (almost complete learner control).