Description/Etiology
Pregnancy is a physiologically demanding state for both the mother and the embryo/fetus.
Each of the three trimesters of pregnancy has unique nutritional requirements based on
embryonic/fetal development and coinciding maternal physical changes. Maternal nutrition
must respond to the increasing demand caused by the physical and physiological changes
that occur during pregnancy and the development of the growing fetus. Optimal nutrition
during pregnancy, which involves appropriate intake of macronutrients (e.g., proteins,
carbohydrates, fat), and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), reduces the risk of birth defects
and promotes maternal and fetal health.