The Statistical Products and Services Solutions (SPSS)
Version 19.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive
statistics such as mean, standard deviation, range, and
frequency distribution were used to describe the demographic
profiles of the participants. The Pearson x2 test or
the independent t-test was used to test group differences
in the demographic profiles and the pre-test data. The
mixed-design, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to detect the variables in which time and group had
interaction effects. For those variables with significant
interaction effects, one-way repeated measures ANOVAs
were performed to analyze the simple main effect of
different time points in each group. To further understand
the group differences after three months and at the end of
the six months study, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
was computed on those variables with significant interaction
effects using the pre-test data as the covariate to offset
the group differences at the beginning of the study. No
missing data occurred in this study since the physical
measurements of participants’ functional fitness were
measured individually, and as per protocol analysis was
conducted. Data entry and data analysis were not blinded
since different coding system was assigned to difference
group participants (e.g., E for the experimental group and C
for the control group). However, the person who managed
the data did not collect the data on the field.