Shear Force. The frozen meat samples were
thawed overnight (approximately 16 h) in a cooler at
4°C. At least 3 slices (1 by 1 by 3 cm) from each sample
were cut parallel to the longitudinal orientation of the
muscle fi ber. The slices were sheared perpendicular
to the muscle fi ber orientation (Instron 5543; Instron
Corporation, Norwood, MA) with a Warner-Bratzler
shear device (Zwick Roell Group, Ulm, Baden
Wuerttemberg, Germany) and crosshead speed set
at 200 mm/min according to the research guidelines
established by American Meat Science Association
(AMSA, 1995). The maximum force measured to shear
the slices was expressed as Newtons.
Shear Force. The frozen meat samples were
thawed overnight (approximately 16 h) in a cooler at
4°C. At least 3 slices (1 by 1 by 3 cm) from each sample
were cut parallel to the longitudinal orientation of the
muscle fi ber. The slices were sheared perpendicular
to the muscle fi ber orientation (Instron 5543; Instron
Corporation, Norwood, MA) with a Warner-Bratzler
shear device (Zwick Roell Group, Ulm, Baden
Wuerttemberg, Germany) and crosshead speed set
at 200 mm/min according to the research guidelines
established by American Meat Science Association
(AMSA, 1995). The maximum force measured to shear
the slices was expressed as Newtons.
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