The control group received the same routine maternity ward
care. In addition, the same primary researcher accompanied
participants in the control group for 30 minutes during
the period of 4–5 cm of cervical dilation, as done for the
massage group, although the investigator was there merely
for observation and to answer questions.
The routine care of the maternity ward during the period
of dilation is based on the recommendations of the World
Health Organization (WHO 1985) for more humanised
childbirth. After admission to the hospital, a meal was
offered to the participants and resources for pain relief were
permitted, if requested by the participant. Such resources
include labour analgesia and oxytocin when necessary. The
parturient was allowed to choose the most comfortable
position. The presence of an accompanying person was
permitted during labour and delivery as well as during any
other medical procedures.