. Introduction
Biodiversity and ecosystem services are both important management and conservation targets. The concept of ecosystem services (ES) has become highly popular in many fields of research as well as in policy contexts, partly as a result of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) (2005). ES are now an important element of several policy-related documents, such as the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 (EC, 2011), the TEEB (2010) study, or the Aichi Targets of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). In these documents, the concept is used not the least as an argument for the need to protect biodiversity. With this new emphasis on ES the question arises ever more frequently whether biodiversity, as another major target of (environmental) policies, is an ecosystem service itself, or whether it leads to the provision of ecosystem services, i.e. is a necessary basis for these. More specifically, it is unclear to what extent there is an overlap between conservation objects when protecting ES and biodiversity. These questions are important for conservation planning, as they require clarification on whether the protection of ES replaces or complements biodiversity conservation