In VFM model, the four factors only contribute 63.5% to overall VFM; and, in the risk allocation model, there are several exceptions on how a risk should be allocated, depending on the nature of the project. However, the frameworks provided in this study are straightforward and focused. They should help the public and private sectors reduce time spent in allocating and negotiating risks, and thus help then achieve optimal VFM in PPP projects.
The risk allocation model is based on methods of allocating risks, to the public and private sectors, as well as sharing between them. The risk allocation analysis/model suggests that macro level risks should be retained by the public sector; meso level risks should be transferred to the private sector; while, micro level risks should be shared between the two sectors.