For our analyses, outcomes were change in BMI, zBMI, self-esteem and
SDQ, calculated as baseline (first session of the programme) subtracted
from follow-up (penultimate (19th) session). Therefore, negative values for
change indicated a fall in BMI and zBMI; a fall in self-esteem (Rosenberg
self-esteem); and a fall in psychological distress (SDQ).
Participants’ residential postcodes were assigned Lower Super Output
Area (LSOA) codes, representing small areas with a mean population of
1500 across England. LSOA codes were then used to attach a measure of
neighbourhood deprivation (deciles of the Income Deprivation Affecting
Children Index (IDACI) 2007),17 urban/rural status (urban, suburban or
rural),18 the density of local fast food outlets per LSOA19 and the built
environment (based on factor analysis of the percentage of the LSOA
made up of roads and green space).20 We counted how many children
attended each programme at baseline (hereafter referred to as
‘programme group size’) and the number of programmes that a local
programme manager had managed as at the start of each programme.
Approximately 80% of measured heights were rounded to whole or half
centimetres. We derived a variable indicating if more than 20% of the
height measures for a programme were rounded and included this in
models to adjust for possible effects of data quality. We also derived a
similar measure for weight rounding, where values were rounded to the
nearest 0.5 kg. We categorised those attending fewer than 25% of sessions
as non-completers, 25–75% as partial completers and more than 75% as
completers.
Data were imputed
For our analyses, outcomes were change in BMI, zBMI, self-esteem and
SDQ, calculated as baseline (first session of the programme) subtracted
from follow-up (penultimate (19th) session). Therefore, negative values for
change indicated a fall in BMI and zBMI; a fall in self-esteem (Rosenberg
self-esteem); and a fall in psychological distress (SDQ).
Participants’ residential postcodes were assigned Lower Super Output
Area (LSOA) codes, representing small areas with a mean population of
1500 across England. LSOA codes were then used to attach a measure of
neighbourhood deprivation (deciles of the Income Deprivation Affecting
Children Index (IDACI) 2007),17 urban/rural status (urban, suburban or
rural),18 the density of local fast food outlets per LSOA19 and the built
environment (based on factor analysis of the percentage of the LSOA
made up of roads and green space).20 We counted how many children
attended each programme at baseline (hereafter referred to as
‘programme group size’) and the number of programmes that a local
programme manager had managed as at the start of each programme.
Approximately 80% of measured heights were rounded to whole or half
centimetres. We derived a variable indicating if more than 20% of the
height measures for a programme were rounded and included this in
models to adjust for possible effects of data quality. We also derived a
similar measure for weight rounding, where values were rounded to the
nearest 0.5 kg. We categorised those attending fewer than 25% of sessions
as non-completers, 25–75% as partial completers and more than 75% as
completers.
Data were imputed
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