For the satisfaction construct, subjects were provided with a list of actual
sponsors. The sponsor list was provided to subjects after recognition,
patronage, and attitude were measured. From this list, subjects selected a
sponsoring firm they had done business with and responded to the three
satisfaction items with respect to that firm. Satisfaction with a specific
sponsoring firm was defined as the customer’s overall psychological state
resulting from his or her past experiences with a particular business
organization. A three-item, seven-point scale developed by Bitner and
Hubbert (1994) was modified to measure satisfaction in this study. All
multi-item measures are provided in Table I.