Alternative fuel chains can involve the use of
alternative primary energy sources, innovative fuel
production methods, newau tomotive fuels, or innovative
vehicle drive trains. Primary energy sources
besides crude oil can be natural gas (NG), biomass,
coal, and hydro-, wind or solar energy. A wide variety of
energy carriers can be derived from these primary energy
sources: gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),
liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas
(CNG), methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and electricity.
To produce these energy carriers, different production
methods can be employed. For example, diesel can be