There are at least two important advantages of sequestering carbon in SOM of
degraded agro-ecosystems rather than above-ground biomass. First, carbon sinks in
degraded agro-ecosystems are more likely to secure carbon storage in the long run,
primarily because of the longer residence time of carbon in soils. Also, smallholders
who depend on soil fertility as the basis for their livelihoods are likely to have a
greater incentive to protect this resource (Olsson and Ard. o, 2002). Second, direct
environmental, economic, and social benefits are expected to accrue for local
populations inhabiting and cultivating degraded agro-ecosystems that are now
perceived as potential carbon sinks. In areas where subsistence agriculture
constitutes an important source of income for farmers, higher soil fertility and crop
yields as well as restored grass and grazing lands could all directly enhance local food
security and livelihoods