Lithium-ion batteries have garnered an increasing attention as a
promising power source for rapidly growing application fields such as smart electronic devices, (hybrid and plug-in) electric vehicles,
and grid energy storage systems [1e6]. This strong academic and
industrial demand continues to stimulate the development of highenergy
density and high-power density cells. However, the effort
often confronts some formidable challenges related to safety failure
and performance limitation of cells