yielding fermentation efficiencies higher than those obtained from steam-exploded and alkali-washed steam-exploded cane bagasse.Considering the capital cost involved in steam explosion, thesono-assisted alkali washing of cane bagasse emerges as a simpler,more efficient and more sustainable method for the production ofcellulosic ethanol from cane bagasse, particularly if the fermentation of the C5 stream coming from its high hemicellulose contentis also taken into account.