: The results from these cohorts suggest that, while the students starting the
course have a less restricted view of NOS than indicated by some other studies, in
most cases there is a lack of breadth and depth to their understanding. There is
some evidence that the use of specific tasks focusing on NOS in university-based
sessions may be helping to develop and deepen understanding. However, the
impact of current approaches remains fairly limited and attempts to develop teaching
practices often face considerable barriers in the school-based practicum.