Waste characteristics
Different waste types have different heat values
- Gross Calorific value (cv) includes heat released by steam condensation .
- Net Calorific Value does not include the heat from condensation
Also important:
Flash point
Viscosity .
Chlorine, fluorine, sulphur & heavy metals
Combustion techniques
Bed plate furnaces: use gravity to mix waste used for homogeneous and wet wastes, such as sludge cake
Fluidized bed furnaces: waste is introduced into a bed of sand which is kept in suspension used for wastes of similar size and density
Incineration grates: wastes fed onto the grate are turned or moved to ensure aeration of the waste mass via holes in the grate used for solid wastes, e.g. municipal wastes, not liquids or sludges
Rotary kilns: wastes are placed in slowly rotating furnace suitable for solids, sludges and liquids 35