Chalofsky (1992) argues that HRD has the aim to increase ILC, GLC and OLC in order to enhance the growth of employees and the organization's effectiveness. HRD can facilitate the promotion of ILC, GLC and OLC in the long run through creating an organizational culture that values and supports continuous learning. This can be achieved by taking down barriers to learn within groups and the organization and increasing the individual employee’s capacity to learn (Swanson & Holton, 2001).