Abstract Outdoor experiential activities, commonly referred to as adventure learning (AL), have
been useful in improving teamwork. This study shows the impact of AL on teamwork attitudes that
are moderated by two competitive attitudes – the first, Kiasu-positive (an attitude of diligence that
directed effort towards work so as to get ahead of others) led to smaller teamwork attitudinal
improvements, while the second, Kiasu-negative (an attitude that is focussed on preventing others
from getting ahead of oneself), led to larger teamwork attitudinal improvements. These competitive
attitudes were also examined for their relationships with collectivism and pace of work.