Multiple variables interact to create unique needs experienced by older adults during hospitalization for acute and critical illness.... Normal changes that occur with aging include a “decline in muscle strength and aerobic capacity, vasomotor instability, baroreceptor instability, reduced total body water, reduced bone density, reduced ventilation, reduced sensation, altered thirst, taste, smell, and dentition, and fragile skin....” These changes can result in altered function, which influences homeostasis and functional reserve..... Older patients also often have multiple chronic medical conditions as well.... Arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are among the most common.... These chronic conditions often require acute care to manage exacerbations..... Other common chronic conditions associated with aging include hearing impairment, vision impairment, and orthopedic impairments; these conditions can complicate acute illnesses.... All of these factors increase risk of iatrogenic illness and complications in a hospital setting, and slow recovery and rehabilitation..... Specialized models of care may help avoid complications and promote well-being for older patients when normal age-related changes, chronic conditions, and acute medical or surgical conditions intersect.