All teachers in the study completed a one-day professional
development training session prior to the beginning of the school
year. The training for all the conditions was similar except the
intervention teachers (N = 59) participated in a half-day session
regarding implementation of the print-referencing technique while
the control group teachers received a half-day session on a nonprint
related topic. Some control-group teachers at one site (N = 8)
participated in a half-day workshop focusing on behavior management
techniques. The behavior management ratings for this group
were compared to the remaining teachers to examine potential
effects of the half-day behavior management workshop. Results
showed that there was no significant difference in behavior management
skills between the eight teachers who received behavior
management training and the intervention group (t =
−2.577,
p = .11). Thus, the current study included all the teachers across
different conditions.