The results of a numerical model consist of (yes) numbers, which represent particular
“cases” or “realizations.” A realization is an example of what the (model) atmosphere can do. For
example, we can “run” a numerical model to create a weather forecast. The forecast consists of a
large set of numbers. To perform a new forecast, for a different initial condition, we have to run
the model again, generating a new set of numbers. In order to see everything that the (model)
atmosphere can do, we would have to run the model for infinitely many cases. In this way,
numerical models are quite different from analytical models, which can describe all possibilities
in a single formula. We cannot understand the results of a numerical simulation just by looking at
the computer code.
This distinction between numerical and analytical models is not as straightforward as it
sounds, however. Sometimes the solutions of analytical models are so complicated that we
! Revised August 26, 2013 7:44 AM! 2
An Introduction to Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere
cannot understand what they mean just by looking at the solution. Then it is necessary to plot
particular examples in order to gain some understanding of what the model is telling us. In such
cases, the analytical solution is useful in more or less the same way that a numerical solution
would be.
The other side of the coin is that in rare cases the solution of a numerical model
represents all possibilities in form of a single (numerically generated) table or plot.
The results of a numerical model consist of (yes) numbers, which represent particular
“cases” or “realizations.” A realization is an example of what the (model) atmosphere can do. For
example, we can “run” a numerical model to create a weather forecast. The forecast consists of a
large set of numbers. To perform a new forecast, for a different initial condition, we have to run
the model again, generating a new set of numbers. In order to see everything that the (model)
atmosphere can do, we would have to run the model for infinitely many cases. In this way,
numerical models are quite different from analytical models, which can describe all possibilities
in a single formula. We cannot understand the results of a numerical simulation just by looking at
the computer code.
This distinction between numerical and analytical models is not as straightforward as it
sounds, however. Sometimes the solutions of analytical models are so complicated that we
! Revised August 26, 2013 7:44 AM! 2
An Introduction to Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere
cannot understand what they mean just by looking at the solution. Then it is necessary to plot
particular examples in order to gain some understanding of what the model is telling us. In such
cases, the analytical solution is useful in more or less the same way that a numerical solution
would be.
The other side of the coin is that in rare cases the solution of a numerical model
represents all possibilities in form of a single (numerically generated) table or plot.
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