The propulsive airfoil concept developed by Kummer and Dang [20] using CFD alone was later verified via an experimental wind-tunnel program by Dygert and Dang [21] and Dygert [62]. In their experiment, the airfoil chord length was 0.4 m, and the fan diameter was 0.057 m, and the tested airspeed was up to 5.9 m/s, corresponding to Reynolds number based on chord of 170,000. Data obtained in this work included static pressure distributions over the airfoil surfaces upstream of the cross-flow fan, wake total pressure profiles View the MathML source chord downstream of the airfoil, and flow visualization images captured using a helium bubble-seeding technique. Fig. 46 shows flow visualization of the propulsive airfoil at 40° angle-of-attack with the fan turned off and on, at a Reynolds number of 85,000. The upper figure shows the airfoil with the fan off, where the flow is seen to be fully separated near the quarter-chord location. The bottom figure shows the same configuration with the fan running at 4100 rpm, corresponding to an advance ratio, J=U∞/Uo (air speed/wheel speed) of 0.24. With the fan turned on the flow is completely attached, and the time required for the fan to re-attach the flow is on the order of 10 chord/U∞. Pressure taps placed on the airfoil surface also confirm the CFD results of Kummer and Dang [20]. Fig. 47 depicts the pressure distribution obtained from tests for two fan operating points, as well as for the case where the fan is turned off, and for the original Gottingen 570 airfoil. This figure clearly shows the ability of the cross-flow fan to increase the airfoil circulation as the flow coefficient is decreased. In their experimental study, lift coefficient on the order of 7 was attained at an advance ratio of 0.32, at 30° angle-of-attack.