The purpose of this chapter is to explain the origin of the spontaneity of physical and chemical change.
We examine two simple processes and show how to define, measure, and use
a property, the entropy, to discuss spontaneous changes quantitatively.
The chapter also introduces a major subsidiary thermodynamic property, the Gibbs energy, which lets us express the spontaneity of a process in terms of the properties of a system.
The Gibbs energy also enables us to predict the maximum non-expansion work that a process can do.
As we began to see in Chapter 2, one application of thermodynamics is to find relations
between properties that might not be thought to be related.
Several relations of this kind can be established by making use of the fact that the Gibbs energy is a state function.
We also see how to derive expressions for the variation of the Gibbs energy with temperature and pressure and how to formulate expressions that are valid for real gases. These expressions will prove useful later when we discuss the effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium constants
The purpose of this chapter is to explain the origin of the spontaneity of physical and chemical change. We examine two simple processes and show how to define, measure, and usea property, the entropy, to discuss spontaneous changes quantitatively. The chapter also introduces a major subsidiary thermodynamic property, the Gibbs energy, which lets us express the spontaneity of a process in terms of the properties of a system. The Gibbs energy also enables us to predict the maximum non-expansion work that a process can do. As we began to see in Chapter 2, one application of thermodynamics is to find relationsbetween properties that might not be thought to be related. Several relations of this kind can be established by making use of the fact that the Gibbs energy is a state function. We also see how to derive expressions for the variation of the Gibbs energy with temperature and pressure and how to formulate expressions that are valid for real gases. These expressions will prove useful later when we discuss the effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium constants
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