Health literacy and patient empowerment were not significantly correlated with each other,
r(271) = .09, p > .05, allowing to differentiate be-tween four types of patients based on their
levels of health literacy and patient empowerment. Subsequent chi-square tests and analyses
of variances revealed significant differences among patients that could, however, only
be attributed to health literacy, as in the case of age and ed-ucational attainment, or patient
empowerment, as in the case of patients’ involvement in the medical encounter. No significant
differences were evident for gender, medication non-adherence, and health outcomes.