ELT as a Neocolonial Construct
English language, ELT, empire, and colonialism seem to melt into one and become inseparable. Kumaravadivelu (2006) argues that ―a language takes on colonial coloration when it is used as a tool to serve the cause of empire‖ (p. 12). Pennycook (1998) asserts that English language teaching theories and practices are derived from European cultures and ideologies, the former colonial powers. Thus, it is not an exaggeration to claim that the colonizing nature of the English language can be clearly evidenced through ELT. In the same light, Kumaravadivelu (2003a) supports that, in particular, ELT pedagogy maintain ―everything associated with colonial Self and marginalized everything associated with the subaltern Other. In the neocolonial present, as in the colonial past, methods are used to establish the native Self as superior and the non-native Other as inferior‖ (p. 541). This critical issue will be further elaborated in the following sections in four interwoven dementions – scholastic, linguistic, cultural, and economic.