covered anus, perianal fistula, and vestibular fistula. High malformations were rectourethral fistula, anal atresia without fistula, rectum atresia, and persisting cloaca.
b Percentages shown are of the total study sample. Because many children had more than 1 associated major anomaly, the total percentage exceeds 46%.
c Gestational age b37 weeks.
d 22 children had not undergone surgical correction of ARM: 18 had a low malformation requiring Hegar dilatation only, 4 had a high malformation and permanent colostomy.